Docker

Docker is a tool for building, shipping, and running applications.

Getting started

Getting started

Create and run a container in background

$ docker run -d -p 80:80 docker/getting-started
  • -d - Run the container in detached mode
  • -p 80:80 - Map port 80 to port 80 in the container
  • docker/getting-started - The image to use

Create and run a container in foreground

$ docker run -it -p 8001:8080 --name my-nginx nginx
  • -it - Interactive bash mode
  • -p 8001:8080 - Map port 8001 to port 8080 in the container
  • --name my-nginx - Specify a name
  • nginx - The image to use

General commands

Example Description
docker ps List running containers
docker ps -a List all containers
docker ps -s List running containers (with CPU / memory)
docker images List all images
docker exec -it <container> bash Connecting to container
docker logs <container> Shows container’s console log
docker stop <container> Stop a container
docker restart <container> Restart a container
docker rm <container> Remove a container
docker port <container> Shows container’s port mapping
docker top <container> List processes
docker kill <container> Kill a container

Parameter <container> can be container id or name

Containers

Starting & Stopping

Description Example
docker start nginx-server Starting
docker stop nginx-server Stopping
docker restart nginx-server Restarting
docker pause nginx-server Pausing
docker unpause nginx-server Unpausing
docker wait nginx-server Blocking a Container
docker kill nginx-server Sending a SIGKILL
docker attach nginx-server Connecting to an Existing Container

Information

Example Description
docker ps List running containers
docker ps -a List all containers
docker logs nginx-server Container Logs
docker inspect nginx-server Inspecting Containers
docker events nginx-server Containers Events
docker port nginx-server Public Ports
docker top nginx-server Running Processes
docker stats nginx-server Container Resource Usage
docker diff nginx-server Lists the changes made to a container.

Creating 

docker create [options] IMAGE
  -a, --attach               # attach stdout/err
  -i, --interactive          # attach stdin (interactive)
  -t, --tty                  # pseudo-tty
      --name NAME            # name your image
  -p, --publish 5000:5000    # port map (host:container)
      --expose 5432          # expose a port to containers
  -P, --publish-all          # publish all ports
      --link container:alias # linking
  -v, --volume `pwd`:/app    # mount (absolute paths needed)
  -e, --env NAME=hello       # env vars

Example 

$ docker create --name my_redis --expose 6379 redis:3.0.2

Manipulating

Renaming a Container

docker rename my-nginx nginx-server

Removing a Container

docker rm nginx-server

Updating a Container

docker update --cpu-shares 512 -m 300M nginx-server

Images

Manipulating

Example Description
docker images Listing images
docker rmi nginx Removing an image
docker load < ubuntu.tar.gz Loading a tarred repository
docker load --input ubuntu.tar Loading a tarred repository
docker save busybox > ubuntu.tar Save an image to a tar archive
docker history Showing the history of an image
docker commit nginx Save a container as an image.
docker tag nginx eon01/nginx Tagging an image
docker push eon01/nginx Pushing an image

Building Images 

$ docker build . 
$ docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox 
$ docker build - < Dockerfile 
$ docker build - < context.tar.gz 
$ docker build -t eon/nginx-server . 
$ docker build -f myOtherDockerfile . 
$ curl example.com/remote/Dockerfile | docker build -f - .

Networking

Manipulating

Removing a network

docker network rm MyOverlayNetwork

Listing networks

docker network ls

Getting information about a network

docker network inspect MyOverlayNetwork

Connecting a running container to a network

docker network connect MyOverlayNetwork nginx

Connecting a container to a network when it starts

docker run -it -d --network=MyOverlayNetwork nginx

Disconnecting a container from a network

docker network disconnect MyOverlayNetwork nginx

Creating Networks 

docker network create -d overlay MyOverlayNetwork

docker network create -d bridge MyBridgeNetwork

docker network create -d overlay \
  --subnet=192.168.0.0/16 \
  --subnet=192.170.0.0/16 \
  --gateway=192.168.0.100 \
  --gateway=192.170.0.100 \
  --ip-range=192.168.1.0/24 \
  --aux-address="my-router=192.168.1.5" \
  --aux-address="my-switch=192.168.1.6" \
  --aux-address="my-printer=192.170.1.5" \
  --aux-address="my-nas=192.170.1.6" \
  MyOverlayNetwork

Miscellaneous

Docker Hub

Docker Syntax Description
docker search search_word Search docker hub for images.
docker pull user/image Downloads an image from docker hub.
docker login Authenticate to docker hub
docker push user/image Uploads an image to docker hub.

Registry commands

Login to a Registry

$ docker login 
$ docker login localhost:8080

Logout from a Registry

$ docker logout
$ docker logout localhost:8080

Searching an Image

$ docker search nginx 
$ docker search nginx --stars=3 --no-trunc busybox

Pulling an Image

$ docker pull nginx
$ docker pull eon01/nginx localhost:5000/myadmin/nginx

Pushing an Image

$ docker push eon01/nginx 
$ docker push eon01/nginx localhost:5000/myadmin/nginx

Batch clean

Example Description
docker stop -f $(docker ps -a -q) Stopping all containers
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) Removing all containers
docker rmi -f $(docker images -q) Removing all images

Volumes

Check volumes

$ docker volume ls

Cleanup unused volumes

$ docker volume prune

停止并删除容器以及镜像 

#!/bin/bash

# 检查是否提供了容器名称/ID
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "请提供要删除的Docker容器名称或ID作为参数。"
    exit 1
fi

CONTAINER_NAME_OR_ID=$1

# 停止容器
echo "正在停止容器: $CONTAINER_NAME_OR_ID"
docker stop $CONTAINER_NAME_OR_ID

# 删除容器
echo "正在删除容器: $CONTAINER_NAME_OR_ID"
docker rm $CONTAINER_NAME_OR_ID

# 查找与容器相关联的镜像ID
IMAGE_ID=$(docker inspect $CONTAINER_NAME_OR_ID --format='')

# 删除镜像
echo "正在删除镜像: $IMAGE_ID"
docker rmi $IMAGE_ID

echo "操作完成。"

FAQ

docker panic page 10 already freed

Docker won’t start after reboot #19678

~$ rm -f /var/lib/docker/network/files/local-kv.db

Cannot start service db: cgroups: cgroup mountpoint does not exist: unknown

sudo mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd
sudo mount -t cgroup -o none,name=systemd cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd

Docker Compose 

curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.27.4/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose